Japan has released new space defence guidelines, marking a significant move in its military posture. The announcement was made in Tokyo, where Japan’s defence ministry pointed to the growing military capabilities of China and Russia in outer space. These developments, according to the ministry, were a driving force behind Japan’s decision to strengthen space defences and build deeper partnerships with allies like the United States.
The newly unveiled policy outlines plans to counter emerging space threats, including the development of technologies like “killer satellites”—systems capable of destroying or disabling other countries’ space assets. The defence document also refers to advancements such as in-orbit proximity operations and direct ascent anti-satellite missiles, particularly from China and Russia.
The strategy emphasizes strengthening four key areas: real-time tracking of space objects, resilient satellite communication, early warning systems, and the ability to disrupt enemy communications. It also includes the creation of a satellite system capable of detecting moving threats within a 3,000-kilometre range. This system is expected to use artificial intelligence for rapid data processing and ensure strong coordination with partner nations.
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The government has allocated a record 8.7 trillion yen (approximately US$58.5 billion) for defence in the 2025 financial year. Of this amount, about 283.2 billion yen is earmarked for satellite constellations that support these goals. Authorities also plan to rename the Air Self-Defence Force as the “Air and Space Self-Defence Force” by 2027, recognising space as a primary defence domain.
China Reacts Strongly, Accuses Japan of Destabilising the Region
In response to Japan’s new defence posture, China has issued a strong statement through its foreign ministry. China criticized the guidelines and said that Japan, along with the United States and other Western nations, was using the excuse of “defence” to build and deploy weapons in outer space.
According to China, this move could severely affect the peace and stability of space and alarm neighbouring countries. China also expressed concern about what it called a revival of militarism in the region, suggesting that Japan’s military expansion brings back memories of past conflicts.
China’s foreign ministry stated that it supports the peaceful use of outer space and opposes any actions that might lead to an arms race beyond Earth. The country emphasized its position against turning space into a new battlefield and stressed that recent activities by some countries are forcing others to take countermeasures.
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The statement further noted that Japan has been increasing its defence spending year after year. China argued that the space defence guidelines were another step in Japan’s broader plan to expand military power under the cover of national security.
China urged Japan to be transparent about its defence objectives and to avoid stirring up fear among its neighbours. The concern is that Japan’s latest moves could change the balance of power in the region and provoke further actions from other countries.
Japan’s Focus on Space Security and Technology Capabilities
Japan’s latest defence guidelines offer a detailed outline of how the country plans to safeguard its interests in space. The policy lists a range of technological upgrades aimed at preventing space-based attacks. These include faster satellite launches, improved satellite shields, and systems that can resist jamming or disabling tactics by other countries.
A major element of the strategy is the creation of a satellite tracking system capable of monitoring threats such as hypersonic glide vehicles. These fast-moving weapons are difficult to detect and respond to, making them a high-priority threat. The satellite system is expected to support not only Japan’s national security but also defence cooperation with allies.
In December, U.S. forces stationed in the country took a significant step by establishing a space command unit at Yokota air base. This marked a deepening of collaboration between the two allies in space-related intelligence and operations.
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The guidelines also highlight the importance of securing communication systems that can resist interference and cyber threats. With space now viewed as a potential conflict zone, maintaining control over satellite networks—vital for command, control, and intelligence during crises—has become a top priority.
To ensure faster reaction times, the strategy includes the development of quick-launch rockets and small satellites. These assets can be deployed rapidly during emergencies to replace any that are lost to attacks. The overall framework aims to create a more flexible and resilient space infrastructure.
This shift in approach shows that space is no longer regarded solely as a scientific frontier, but as an active domain for national defence. The guidelines make it clear that it’s now about preparedness, security, and real-time threat response—not just exploration or communication.
